《议定书》的正式通过是WTO全体成员方第一次行使《WTO协定》第10条第1款下修订协定或附件协定一（如GATT协定，GATS协定，TRIPS协定等）的权力，以及履行《WTO协定》第4条第2款赋予总理事会职能的重要结果。对于TRIPS协定以及WTO体制的发展，都具有突破意义。笔者相信，随着多哈回合（以及将来新议程）的进展，将会有更多协定的条款被修订。因为，这不仅是WTO体制自身发展的需要，也是逐步实现《马拉喀什宣言》及《WTO协定》各项原则的必然要求---促成符合成员发展水平的更为开放的贸易体制的建立{19}，最终促使WTO成为“一个完整的、更可行的和持久的多边贸易体制”。
【作者简介】
郭寿康（1926-），男，河北天津人，中国人民大学法学院教授，博士生导师，主要从事知识产权法、国际法研究。
【注释】与《保护工业产权巴黎公约》不同的是，TRIPS协定中的用语是“未经许可的其他使用”，而非“强制许可”，后者只是前者的一种
使用形式。SeeObligations andExceptions, FactSheet: TRIPS and pharmaceuticalpatents, available athttp:∥www.wto. org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/factsheet_pharm02_e. htm#compulsorylicensing, visited on July 10, 2008, andArticle 31ofAgreementonTrade Related Aspects ofIntellectualPropertyRights.
“the rightholder shallbe paid adequate remuneration in the circumstancesofeach case, taking into account the economic value of the authorization”。 SeeArticle 31（h）ofAgreement on Trade-RelatedAspects ofIntellectualPropertyRights.
“any such use shall be authorized predominantly for the supply of the domesticmarketof theMember authorizing such use”。 SeeArticle 31（h） of Agreement on Trade-RelatedAspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
“The obligations of an exportingMember underArticle 31（f） shall notapplywith respect to the grantby itofa compulsory licence to the extent necessary for the purposes ofproduction ofa pharmaceuticalproduct（s） and its export to an eligible importingMember（s） in accordancewith the terms set out in paragraph 2 of theAnnex to thisAgreement”。 SeeArticle 31bis（1） ofAnnex to theProtocolAmending theTRIPSAgreement.
“Where a compulsory licence is granted by an exportingMemberunder the system setout in thisArticle and theAnnex to thisAgreement, adequate remuneration pursuant toArticle 31（h） shallbe paid… Where a compulsory licence isgranted for the same products in the eligible importing Member, the obligation of thatMemberunderArticle 31（h） shallnotapply in respectof those products forwhich remuneration in accordance with the first sentence of this paragraph is paid in the portingMember.”SeeArticle 31bis（2） ofAnnex to the Protocol Amending theTRIPSAgreement.
“W ith a view to harnessing economies of scale for the purposes of enhancing purchasing power for, and facilitating the localproduction of pharmaceutical products:…the obligation of thatMemberunderArticle 31（f） shallnotapply to the extentnecessary to enable a pharmaceutical productproduced or imported under a compulsory licence in thatMember to be exported to themarkets of those other developing or least developed country parties to the regional trade agreement thatshare the health problem in question. It isunderstood that this will not prejudice the territorial nature of the patent rights in question”。 See Article 31bis（3） of Annex to the Protocol Amending the TRIPS Agreement.
“ThisArticle and theAnnex to thisAgreementarewithoutprejudice to the rights, obligations and flexibilities thatMembershave under the provisions of thisAgreementother than paragraphs （f） and （h） ofArticle 31…”。 SeeArticle 31bis（5） ofAnnex to theProtocolAmending theTRIPS Agreement.
Merck& co.是美国公司，Merck KGaA是德国公司，两公司除共用“Merck”名字外，业务上并无联系。在美国与加拿大，Merck& co对
“Merck”享有独占权，而在欧洲及世界其他地区，Merck KGaA对“Merck”享有独占权。Merck& co在北美之外的其他地区经营，须以
Merck Sharp& Dohome或MSD Sharp&Dohome的名义进行，MerckKGaA在北美地区的业务则要以EMD（EmanuelMerck, Darmstadt）的名义开展。
“Compulsory licence shall be available for manufacture and export of patented pharmaceutical products to any country having insufficient or no manufacturing capacity in the pharmaceutical sector for the concerned product to addresspublic health problems, provided compulsory licence has been granted by such country or such country has, by notification or otherwise, allowed importation of the patented pharmaceuticalproducts from India”。 See The patents （Amendment） Act, 2005 of India, 92A （1）。
