法律权利化：权利本位（之一）
Legal right: Right standard
征汉年
【摘要】摘要：随着社会生产力的不断发展，人们的权利意识从朦胧到觉醒，法律的本位问题上，权利本位将取代义务本位。权利本位说是从应然性的权利出发，是将“本位”问题置于“形而上”的领域。法律权利化是一个渐进的过程，是不同主体对权利的觉醒造成权利的重新构建，特别是不同人群之间权利的重新配置，这种权利的配置包括公民权利与国家权力之间的界分，权利总量是一个守恒与动态发展和动态平衡的过程。
With social constant development of productivity, right consciousness of people from dim to awaken, on standard of the law, right standard will replace obligation standard. Right logic starting point that standard say to " should right ", should have idea of right depend on people''s understanding of right to a great extent. Say from a certain angle right standard say proceed from right that should be right, prove standard issue of law , put on field on " shape pay " " standard " issue. The legal right is a progressive course, it is different subjects that cause the another construction of the right to the awakening of the right, especially the deconfiguration of the right between different crowds, the disposition of this kind of right including circle between citizen''s right and state power is divided, the total amount of the right is a conservation and dynamic development and course of the dynamic equilibrium.
【关键词】权利本位，权力，义务本位，法律化
【全文】
一、引 言
法律是调整和划分权利与义务，确定社会秩序的“构建器”。法律关系的基本要素──权利与义务作为一对矛盾，它们的对立统一关系不仅既互相区别和联系，而且还有谁决定谁，谁派生谁，谁根源于谁的问题。正如物质与意识、存在与思维、实践与理论、生产力与生产关系等矛盾关系一样，矛盾双方的地位和作用并不是平列、均衡的，还有一个第一性与第二性、决定与被决定的关系。
对法律核心范畴——权利与义务的认识，不同时期有不同的内容。例如奴隶制法和封建制法就采取以义务为本位，资本主义法和社会主义法才提出了权利本位。但尽管如此，“这些都不能改变权利决定和派生义务这一事实，正如生产力和生产关系矛盾双方在一定条件下的主次易位，不能改变生产力决定生产关系的事实一样”。[1]
