三农治理中第三部门的法学机理与制度变迁研究（刘大洪、李华振）
Research of Economic-law Theory and Its Constitutional Transition in the management of agriculture-countryside-peasant
李华振
【摘要】三农治理中第三部门的出现，源于对市场和政府在解决三农问题中的双失灵之弥补，源于国家与农民的法律博弈机制之变迁，源于公共物品的非国家化供给之机理。它是与市场调节、政府干预既相区别又相关联的第三只手，是解决三农问题的重要制度工具。在借鉴西方农村第三部门法律规制的基础上，在考察中国农村第三部门法律演化路径的前提下，立足于当前中国三农问题的本土资源对其进行深入研究，具有重大的开拓性意义。
The appearance of the third sector in the management of agriculture-countryside-peasant derives from the remedy of double-failure of market and government, derives from the institutional transition of legal game between government and peasants, derives from the theory of non-governmental supply of public products. It is the third hand which is distinct from and correlative with market and government. On the base of studying the law system of the third sector in the western countryside, and after researching the legal evolution path of the third sector in the China’s countryside, and rooting in the China’s native resources, there has exploring significance to deeply investigate this subject.
【全文】
三农治理中第三部门的法学机理与制度变迁研究
Research of Economic-law Theory and Its Constitutional Transition in the management of agriculture-countryside-peasant
刘大洪 李华振
内容提要：三农治理中第三部门的出现，源于对市场和政府在解决三农问题中的双失灵之弥补，源于国家与农民的法律博弈机制之变迁，源于公共物品的非国家化供给之机理。它是与市场调节、政府干预既相区别又相关联的第三只手，是解决三农问题的重要制度工具。在借鉴西方农村第三部门法律规制的基础上，在考察中国农村第三部门法律演化路径的前提下，立足于当前中国三农问题的本土资源对其进行深入研究，具有重大的开拓性意义。
关键词：三农治理；第三部门；市场政府双失灵；博弈论；农村公共物品
Abstract: The appearance of the third sector in the management of agriculture-countryside-peasant derives from the remedy of double-failure of market and government, derives from the institutional transition of legal game between government and peasants, derives from the theory of non-governmental supply of public products. It is the third hand which is distinct from and correlative with market and government. On the base of studying the law system of the third sector in the western countryside, and after researching the legal evolution path of the third sector in the China’s countryside, and rooting in the China’s native resources, there has exploring significance to deeply investigate this subject.
Key words: management of agriculture-countryside-peasant; the third sector; double-failure of market and government; the game theory; rural public product supply
一、引论：从第三部门在西方三农治理中的重要作用说起
从法学的理论视域上看，三农问题并不是中国特有的现象，西方发达国家也存在着三农问题。考察西方对三农问题的解决机制，我们发现，“第三部门”（The Third Sector）在发达国家的三农治理中起着重要作用、占有重要地位，成了西方学界研究的一个重要课题。但我国目前的学界对第三部门在三农治理中的重要作用还缺乏足够的认识和重视，因此，在充分借鉴西方对第三部门的研究成果和实践经验的基础上，立足于中国的三农问题之本土资源对第三部门进行深入研究，成了摆在我们面前的一项迫切任务，具有重大的开拓性意义。
