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34 1 AC 168 at 183. Fraud unravel all，拉丁原文应该是fraus omnia vitiate, Lord Diplock引用的是另外一句ex turpi causa non oritur action，意为“不能就非法的诉因成立诉讼”。
35 E.P. Ellinger, ‘Documentary Credits and Finance by Mercantile Houses’ in A.G. Guest (ed.) Benjamin’s Sale of Goods, 5th ed., (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1997), p. 1715.
36 Gao Xiang，R. P. Buckley, ‘A Comparative Analysis of the Standard of Fraud Required under the Fraud Rule in Letter of Credit Law’, (2003) 13 Duke J. Comp. & Int''l L. 293.
37 Colorado Nat''l Bank v. Board of County Comm''rs, 634 P.2d 32, 39(Colo. 1981)
38 E.P. Ellinger, ‘Documentary Credits and Fraudulent Documents’ in Current Problems of International Trade Financing, 2nd ed., eds. H.P. Kee & H.M. Chan (Butterworth, Singapore, 1990), p. 169.
39郭瑜，《论信用证欺诈及其处理》，《法学》2000年第10期p.49。
40 United City Merchant (Investment) Ltd v Royal Bank of Canada (The American Accord) Q.B. 208 at 231.
41 R.M. Goode, ‘Abstract Payment Undertakings and the Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce’, (1995), St. Louis U. L.J., vol. 39, p. 725, at p.735.
42 R. Jack, A. Malek & D. Quest Documentary Credits, 3rd ed., (Butterworth, London, 2001), p. 265.
43 1 Lloyd’s Rep 445 at 447.
44 Edward Owen Engineering Ltd v Barclays Bank International Ltd 1 Lloyd’s Rep 166 at p. 171.
45 QB 208.
46 Ibid, at pp. 246.
47 Schmitthoff, (1981) J.B.L., 381, 383.
48 R. Goode, ‘Abstract Payment Undertakings and the Rules of the International Chamber of Commerce’, (1995), St. Louis U. L.J., vol. 39, p. 725, at p. 737.
49 R.M. Goode, ‘Abstract Payment Undertakings’ in Essays for Patrick Atiyah, eds. P. Cane & J. Stapleton (Clarendon, Oxford, 1991), p. 229.
50 146 NE 636 at p. 639.
51 R.R. Pennington Bank Finance for Companies (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1987), p.28.
52 R.M. Goode, ‘Abstract Payment Undertakings’ in Essays for Patrick Atiyah, eds. P. Cane & J. Stapleton (Clarendon, Oxford, 1991), p. 229.
53 Ibid, p. 230.
54 G. Treitel, ‘C.I.F. Contracts’ in Benjamin’s Sale of Goods, 5th ed., ed. A.G. Guest (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 1997), p.1265.
55 James Finlay & Co Ltd v Kwik Hoo Tong 1 K.B. 400 at 408.
56 Hindley & Co Ltd v East Indian Produce Co Ltd 2 Lloyd’s Rep 515.
57 James Finlay & Co Ltd v Kwik Hoo Tong 1 K.B. 400; Kwei Tek Chao v British Traders and Shippers Ltd 2 Q.B. 459.
58 Leather v Simpson L.R. 11 Eq. 398; Guaranty Trust Co of N.Y. v Hannay 2 K.B. 623.
59 Arnhold Karberg & Co v Blythe, Green, Jourdain & Co. 1 K.B. 495 at 509.
60 J.C.T. Chuah, Law of International Trade, 2nd Edition, (Sweet & Maxwell, London, 2001), p. 126.
61 A. Davis, The Law Relating to Banker''s Commercial Letters of Credit, (Pitman, London, 1963), p. 149.
62 Pennington & Hudson, Commercial Banking Law (Macdonald and Evans, Plymouth, 1978), p. 358.
63 R.M. Goode, ‘Reflections of Letters of Credit -- III’, (1980) J.B.L., p. 443, at p. 445.
64 H. Harfield, Bank Credit and Acceptance, 5th ed. (Ronald, New York, 1974), p. 42.
65 对此款的详细分析请参见：J.F. Dolan, ‘Letters of Credit, Article 5 Warranties, Fraud, and the beneficiary’s Certificate’, (1986), Business Lawyer, Feb., vol. 41, p. 347; R.F. Dole, ‘Warranties by Beneficiary of Letters of Credit under Revised Article 5 of the UCC: the Truth and Nothing but the Truth’, (2002), Houston Law Review, vol. 39, p. 375.
66 UCC § 5-110 cmt. 1, Official Comment of the UCC 1995: ‘Since the warranties in subsection (a) are not given unless a letter of credit has been honored, no breach of warranty under this subsection can be a defense to dishonor by the issuer.’
67 R.F. Dole, ‘Warranties by Beneficiary of Letters of Credit under Revised Article 5 of the UCC: the Truth and Nothing but the Truth’, (2002), Houston Law Review, vol. 39, p. 375 at pp. 392-393.
68 J.F. Dolan, ‘Letters of Credit, Article 5 Warranties, Fraud, and the beneficiary’s Certificate’, (1986), Business Lawyer, Feb., vol. 41, p. 347 at p. 359.
69 Explanatory note by the UNCITRAL secretariat on the ‘United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit’, http://www.uncitral.org/english/texts/payments/guarantees.htm
70 F. De Ly, ‘The UN Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit’ (1999) 33 International Lawyer 831.
71 R. Jack, A. Malek & D. Quest, Documentary Credits (Butterworths, London, 2001), p. 266.
72 UCC §5-109, official commentary, para 1.
73 R. Jack, A. Malek & D. Quest, Documentary Credits (Butterworths, London, 2001), p. 267.
74 Banco Santander SA v Banque Paribas 1 All E.R. (Comm) 776.
75 E. Ellinger, Documentary Letters of Credit: a comparative study, (University of Singapore Press, Singapore, 1970), p. 161.
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