中国反就业歧视立法问题初探-兼论美国反就业歧视立法之借鉴
曾恂
【全文】
[论文摘要] 由于历史遗留因素以及社会偏见，中国在就业领域中存在相当严重的就业歧视，不仅破坏了
宪法所规定的平等权原则，而且严重损害公民的平等就业机会。不少用人单位漠视公民的平等就业权，在招聘和雇佣过程中对求职者以及就业者的自然属性加以种种不合理的限制，例如实施性别、户口、身高、年龄等种种限制。目前，劳动者因就业歧视而提起诉讼的案件并不多见，但由于社会多元化影响越来越深，各种弱势团体争取权益之呼声也日见高涨，加上WTO“核心劳工标准”的推广, 假以时日，有关的就业歧视争议案件终有越来越多之时,并且必将受到多方面的重视。建立反就业歧视法是中国的一项相当迫切的立法内容，既顺应了国际潮流和WTO的要求，也能切实保障
宪法规定的平等权在就业领域内的实现，确保公民的公平就业机会。因此我国确有必要仿效其他工业先进国家制定反就业歧视法律。
美国作为工业先进国家，对推动平等业制度不遗余力。本文旨在对目前国内存在的就业歧视问题，作一个大体上的说明，并且简要介绍美国反就业歧视理论以及立法内容，对美国制度中最值得我国未来立法参考之处，提出初步之探讨说明。
关键词：就业歧视；平等就业权；反就业歧视法；中国；美国.
[Abstract] Because of the historical reasons and social prejudices, there are serious employment discriminations in China, which not only violate the equity principle affirmed by the Constitution, but also severely harm the people’s equal employment opportunities. Many employers in China overlook the people’s equal employment rights and impose unreasonable restrictions on employees or applicants for employment. For example, they deny the employment to persons because of their age, gender or height, etc. But by far few people have filed the lawsuits based on the employment discriminations. However, with the advance of the influence of the multi-culture society, the voice of the underprivileged classes will be heard by more and more people and the people are coming to realize their own rights. All the new developments strongly indicate that China should enact legislation to prohibit the employment discrimination, to provide better protections for affected employees. The legislation not only meets the requirements of the core employment standards of WTO, but also provides effective protection of the equal rights in the employment field and assures the equal employment rights. Therefore, there is an urgent need for China to emulate the actions of the developed industrialize nations to enact the anti- employment-discrimination legislations.
Among all industrialized nations, the United States has hitherto established the best system in preventing and combating the employment discriminations in the workplace. This article aims at giving a brief introduction of the employment discrimination situation of China and the American anti employment discrimination legislations. It is of vital importance to pay close attention to the efforts made and the experience accumulated in this field by the United States from which China could learn.
